Delhi-based NGO Wildlife Trust of India has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Chhattisgarh Forest Department to initiate a 3-year program to revive and conserve the wild buffalo population. Infringement of grazing area by cattle growers, scarcity of food and water, and hybridization with domestic breed has seriously their existence in the wild. Additionally, indiscriminate hunting by tribals during Parad festivities and introduction of parasites from domestic livestock into their environment has brought their numbers down from an estimate 4200 in 2004 to about 200 remain. Chhattisgarh has about 68 wild Asian buffaloes while the rest are in Assam. Historically, the wild Asian buffalo roamed from Eastern Nepal to Vietnam. However, the 1960s saw a large-scale elimination of the buffalo population. This project will identify the threats and conservation strategies in a 4,200 sq. kilometer area.