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The Indian Analyst
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South Indian Inscriptions |
EPIGRAPHIA INDICA IV, 8, uses it to indicate ‘handing’ which seems applicable to the present case, although the punishment appears to be rather mild. Karṇa-trōṭana, i.e. ‘cutting off of a bit from some one’s ear’, seems to be also referred to in No. 17 above. For these offences the fine was 27 silver coins. 38. Vākpārushya-daṇḍapārushyayōḥ vinayē rūpakāḥ shaṭ=sa-pādāḥ. The fine for the offence of defamation and assault (or, rough behaviour) was six and one-fourth silver coins. 39. Kshata-darśanē rūpakāḥ ashṭāchatvāriṁśat. In the case of daṇḍa-pārushya involving visible injury or infliction of wounds, the fine was 48 silver coins.[1] 40. Gavāṁ tauṇḍikē viṁśōpakāḥ pañcha. Five viṁśōpakas were equal to one-fourth of a silver coin, a viṁśōpaka being 1/20 of the standard silver money.[2] The meaning of tauṇḍika is ‘biting of crops with the mouth ’.[3] The offence involving tauṇḍika by cows caused a fine of five viṁśōpakas. 41. Mahishyās=tad-dviguṇam. But the offence involving tauṇḍika by a she-buffalo was ten viṁśōpakas, i.e. one-half silver coin. Yājñavalkya prescribes four māshas for the offence indicated in No. 40 and eight māshas for that in No. 41. Nārada, however, speaks of one māsha and two māshas respectively. The same authority regards māsha as one-twentieth of the paṇa which is explained by Vijñānēśvara as the well-known copper coin of that name. Vishṇu supports Yājñavalkya. 42. Madya-bhājanasy-āvalōkyē rūpakāḥ pañcha. Āvalōkya, derived from avalōka, seems to indicate ‘detection’. If one was found out with a vessel full of wine distilled illegally, his fine was five silver coins. 43. Prathama-bhājanē dhārmikē adhikaraṇasya rūpaka-dvayaṁ s-ādhaṁ rū 2½. But, when it was the first offence and no bad motive could be substantiated, the fine to be paid to the court was only 2½ silver coins.
44. Anapṛishṭvā(chchhya) sandhayatō dvitīyē=hani tad-dviguṇaṁ dāpyaḥ. The first two words appear to mean adhikaraṇam=anāpṛichchhya rājapurushaiḥ sandhayataḥ. This seems to say that, if a man, let off for the first offence, was caught with a vessel full of wine for the second time, his fine was double the amount prescribed in No. 43. 45. Surā-karaṇasy=āvalōkyē rūpaka-trayam ; dhārmikē rūpakaḥ sa-pādaḥ ; rāj-ārghikayā madya-chāturtha-dvayaṁ 2. If one was caught while distilling liquor, his fine was three silver coins. But the fine was only 1¼ silver coins if no bad motive could be substantiated, although two chāturthas (one chāturtha possibly being ¼ of the standard measure of liquid substance ; cf. Nos. 47 and 70 below) of wine had to be paid as rāj-ārghikā (cf. No. 14 above). 46. Kāṁsya-dōsy-āyudhānām Āshāḍhī-paurṇṇamāsī-bharōlaka-nirōdhēna grahaṇaka-pravishṭaṁ bhavati ; grahaṇakēshu daṇḍakō n=ānusaraṇīyaḥ. This is apparently related to the distillation of wine which is the subject of No. 45 above and No. 47 below ; but I find it extremely difficult to explain the āchāra. The word āyudha may be taken in its old sense of ‘a vessel’ ; but dōsya is unknown although it may be a metal like kāṁsya or bell-metal. It seems that the bharōlaka (distillery ?) was closed on the fullmoon day of Āshāḍha and the vessels (connected with the distillation of wine ?) were put into the grahaṇaka (custody ?) ; the daṇḍaka (rule about the supply of the royal share of wine ?) was not to be follwed when the distilling vessels were in the grahaṇakas. Alternatively it may be suggested that kāṁsya=bronze utensils ; dōsya=clothes ; āyudha=arms ; _________________________________________________
[1] Cf. Vishṇu Smṛiti, V, 66-67 ; śōṇitēna vinā duḥkham=utpādayitā dvātriṁśat-paṇān ; saha śōṇitēna chatuḥshashṭim.
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