South Indian Inscriptions

EPIGRAPHIA INDICA

which purports to have been issued in A.D. 813, uses the appellation Vallabhêndra, in the place of his proper name or of the biruda by which he was most customarily mentioned, to designate Gôvinda III.^[1] And the Piṭhâpuram inscription of A.D. 1202, which recites the early Eastern Chalukya pedigree and history, uses the same appellation Vallabhêndra, in the same way, to denote either Amôghavarsha I. or Kṛishṇa II.^[2]

The biruda Pṛithivîvallabha, “ favourite of the earth,”^[3] was, similarly, taken over by the Râshṭrakûṭas from Western Chalukyas of Bâdâmi. The Aihoḷe inscription of A.D. 634-35 specially speaks of it as the title of the Chalukyas.^[4] And, in their records,^[5] we find it applied to Kîrtivarman I., Maṅgalêśa, Pulakêśin II., Âdityavarman, Chandrâditya, Vikramâditya I., and Kîrtivarman II. It is mentioned in the Nausârî grant of A.D. 739, as one of four “ other names ” or titles which were conferred as a mark of favour by the paramount sovereign upon the feudatory Chalukya prince Avanijanâśraya-Pulakêśirâja of Gujarât.^[6] And it is, doubtless, under similar circumstances that we find it used before the name of the Sêndraka prince Nikumbhallaśakti in the Bagumrâ grant of A.D. 655.^[7] In the Râshṭrakûṭa period, we meet with it at the outset, in the earliest record, the Sâmângaḍ grant of A.D. 754, which applies it to the first paramount king, Dantidurga ; and, in the subsequent records, we find it used in the cases of Gôvinda III., Amôghavarsha I., Gôvinda IV., Kṛishṇa III., and Kakka II.

And so, also, the biruda Śrîvallabha, “ favourite of Fourtune,”^[8] was in the same way taken over by the Râshṭrakûṭas from the Western Chalukyas of Bâdâmi. The origin of this biruda, however, is carried back to earlier times ; as it appears first, as a general epithet of the Pallavas, in the grant of Siṁhavarman II., which describes him as “ a Mahârâja of the Pallavas, who are Śrîvallabhas or favourites of Fortune.”^[9] It was evidently obtained by the Western Chalukyas from the Pallavas. It does not occur often in the Western Chalukya records. But we do find it in them. In the Aihoḷe inscription of A.D. 634-45, we are told that, though Pulakêśin I. was Śrîvallabha or favourite (here, more exactly, husband) of Fortune, he became also the bride-groom of the city of Vâtâpipurî.[10] In a record of the time of Pulakêśin II., it occurs before the name of his maternal uncle, the Sêndraka prince Sênânandarâja,^[11]─ probably under circumstances similar to those in which the biruda Pṛithivîvallabha occurs in connection with the feudatory Chalukya prince Avanijanâśraya-Pulakêśirâja of Gujarât.^[12] And the passage in the Nausârî grant

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^[1] Above, Vol. IV. p. 344, text line 82.
^[2] Above, Vol. IV. p. 227, and p. 239, verses 9, 10.
^[3] For the rendering of this biruda, see page 168 above, note 6.
^[4] Page 8 above, verse 4. And see note 9 below, about the original idea of this biruda.
^[5] See page 189 above, note 4.
^[6] Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Orientalists, Âryan Section, p. 232, text line 34.
^[7]Ind. Ant. Vol. XVIII. p. 268, text line 15.
^[8] For the rendering of the biruda, see page 168 above, note 6.
^[9] Ind. Ant. Vol. V. p. 155, text lines 16, 17. The original inception of the idea is perhaps found in the grant of his father Vishṇugôpavarman, which speaks of the Pallavas as “ the abodes of the Fortune (śrînilaya) of other kings who was have been overcome by their valour ” (ibid. p. 51, text linens 15, 16).─ The biruda Pṛithivîvallabha has not yet been traced to the Pallavas, actually in that form ; but the idea of it, among them, is found in the Kûram grant, which speaks of “ the family of the Pallavas who are favourites of the whole world (sakalabhuvanavallabha)” (South-Ind. Inscrs. Vol. I. p. 148, text line 11) : this record, however, is later in date than the first use of the biruda by the Western Chalukyas.
^[10] See page 8 above, verse 7.
^[11] Above, Vol. III. p. 51, text line 10.
^[12] See above.─ In the appellation, Satyâśraya-Dhruvarâja-Indravarman, of the governor who is mentioned in the Goa grant of the time of Pulakêśin II. (Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc. Vol. X. p. 365 ; regarding the identity of this person, see page 72 above), the biruda Satyâśraya is probably to be accounted for in the same way. And so also, the first component of the appellation Śembiyan-Mâvaḷivâṇarâyan, which is applied to the Gaṅga-Bâṇa prince Hastimalla-Pṛithivîpati II. in the Udayêndiram grant (South-Ind. Inscrs. Vol. II. 390). Two other instances of feudatories having appellations the first components of which were the birudas of their paramount sovereigns, are furnished by the names of Âhavamalla-Bhûtêyadêva, an officer of Âhavamalla-Taila II. (Ind. Ant. Vol. XII. p. 98), and of the Sinda prince Jagadêkamalla Permâḍi I., a feudatory of Jagadêkamalla II. (Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc. Vol. XI. p. 256).