South Indian Inscriptions

EPIGRAPHIA INDICA

August. The 7th day of the month of Kanyâ (or Puraṭṭâḍi) therefore was Monday, the 4th September A.D. 1234 ; and on this day the 10th tithi of the bright half (of the month Bhâdrapada) ended 13 h. 6 m., and the nakshtra was Uttarâshâḍhâ, by the equal space system and according to Garga for 19 h. 42 m., and by the Brahma-siddhânta for 13 h. 8 m., after mean sunrise.

4.- In the Nellaiyappar temple at Tinnevelly.^[1]

1 . . . . . . . . . Śrî-kô [M]âra[va]nmar=âna Tribhu[va]nachchakra[va]rttigaḷ Śôṇâḍuṅ=goṇḍu Muḍikoṇḍa-
2 . . . . . . . . . [v]îrâbhishêkam paṇṇiy=aruḷiya śrî-Sundara-Pâṇḍyadêvarku yâṇḍu 17vadin=edirâm=âṇḍin=edirâm=âṇ-
3 . . . . . . . . . ru iruba[t]tê[l]ân=diyadiyu[m] pûrvva-[pa]ksha[t]tu prathamaiyun= Diṅgaḷ-[k]ilamaiyum perra Pûrâ(ra)ṭṭ[â]di-nâḷ.

“ In the year opposite to the year opposite to the 17th year (of the reign) of the glorious king Mâravarman alias the emperor of the three worlds, the glorious Sundara-Pâṇḍyadêva who was pleased to take the Chôḷa country and to perform the anointment of heroes at Muḍikoṇḍa[śôlapuram],─ on the day of Pûrva-Bhadrapadâ, which corresponded to a Monday, and to the first tithi of the first fortnight, and to the twenty-seventh solar day of . . .”

Although the name of the solar month of this date is broken away or quite illegible, the fact that during that month the first tithi of the bright half was joined with the nakshatra Pûrva-Bhadrapadâ, at once suggests the conjecture that the month was that of Kumbha ; and this conjecture is shewn to be correct by the calculation of the date. The date, which is of the same regnal year as No. 3, corresponds to Monday, the 19th February A.D. 1235. In A.D. 1235 the Kumbha-saṁkrânti took place 8 h. 16 m. after mean sunrise of Wednesday, the 24th January, which was the first day of the month of Kumbha. The 27th day of the month of Kumbha therefore was Monday, the 19th February ; and on this day the first tithi of the bright half (of the month Phâlguna) commenced 0 h. 30 m., and the nakshatra was Pûrva-Bhadrapadâ, by the equal space system for 14 h. 27 m., according to Garga for 2 h. 38 m., and by the Brahma-siddhânta for 3 h. 17 m., after mean sunrise.

5.─ In the Raṅganâtha temple at Śrîraṅgam.^[2]

1 . . . . . Srî-kô Mârapanmar=âna Tiribuvanachchakkaravatt[i]gaḷ Śôṇâḍu valaṅgi aruḷiya śrî-Śundara-Pâṇḍiyadêvar[k*]ku yâṇḍu onbadâvadu
2 Mêsha-nâyarru apara-pakshattu tṛitîyaiyum Veḷḷi-kkilamaiyum perra Viśâgattu nâḷ.

“ In the ninth year (of the reign) of the glorious king Mâravarman alias the emperor of the three worlds, the glorious Sundara-Pâṇḍyadêva who was pleased to present the Chôḷa country,^[3]─ on the day of Viśâkhâ, which corresponded to a Friday and to the third tithi of the second fortnight of the month of Mêsha.”

As the two preceding dates Nos. 3 and 4, of the year opposite to the year opposite to the 17th year, i.e. the 19th year, of the king’s reign fell in A.D. 1234 and 1235, this date No. 5, of the 9th year of the same reign, will be expected to fall in A.D. 1224 or 1225. The date actually corresponds to Friday, the 28th March A.D. 1225, which was the 4th day of the month of Mêsha, and on which the third tithi of the dark half (of the month Chaitra) ended 22 h. 45 m., and the nakshatra was Viśâkhâ, by the equal space system and according to Garga for 11 h. 50 m., and by the Brahma-siddhânta for 7 h. 13 m., after mean sunrise.

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^[1] No. 133 of the Government Epigraphist’s collection for 1894.
^[2] See Ind. Ant. Vol. XXI. p. 344.
^[3] See the smaller Tiruppûvaṇam grant.