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The Indian Analyst
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South Indian Inscriptions |
EPIGRAPHIA INDICA from Mugad.[1] This fact combined with the date which falls within the reign of Gūhala II, as seen above, leaves no doubt in regard to the identity of this Tribhuvanamalla who must be none else than the said Kadamba ruler. An inscription at Maḍaki Honnaḷḷi in the Kalghatgi taluk, Dharwar District, copied by me in 1951-52, introduces a Kadamba chief named Śivachitta-Vīra-Permāḍi and refers to his rule over Koṅkaṇa nine-hundred and Halasige twelve-thousand from his headquarters Chandrāpura. It bears a date in Śaka 1018, Dhātu, corresponding to 1096 A. C. This prince might be Gūhala II as suggested by the date and the title Permāḍi which is often found in association with Tribhuvanamalla.[2] It may now be observed that the well-known surname Śivachitta Permāḍi of Jayakēśin II’s elder son was not an innovation but an adoption after that of his senior grandfather Gūhala II.[3] In regard to Chandrāpura (or Chandrapura[4]) of the above epigraph, which is identical with Chandor in Salsette, we may note that it was the early headquarters of these chiefs and continued to remain so in the time of Gūhala II, although some later records incorrectly speak of even Jayakēśin I as residing in their subsequent capital at Gōpaka or Goa.[5] The twelve families of Brāhmaṇas representing the donees belonged to the following gōtras : one family each of Śaṅkha, Bhālandana, Bhāradvāja, Bharadvāja[6] and Atri ; two families each of Vatsa and Śāṇḍilya and three of Kauśika. The record enumerates three generations of each donee and the hereditary offices held by them, which were generally associated with the royal household, such as the Paurāṇika, astrologer, superintendent of religious affairs, priest (purōhita), preceptor, educational instructor and specialist in sacrificial lore (yājñika-pravara). Noteworthy are the attributes characterising some of them, as for instance, Dvivēdin, Ghaisāsa and Paṭṭavardhana.
The stipulations laid down for the enjoyment of the endowment are interesting. All the lands and houses were to be treated as the common property and the income accruing therefrom was to be distributed equally among the twelve families. The seller and purchaser of a part of it were liable to a fine of five-hundred (coins). A member was entitled to his share so long as he remained in the settlement. In case he left the place his portion was to be enjoyed by the rest ; and the deserter was liable to a fine, if he claimed his share. A new person could be accommodated in the vacant house with the consent of all the residents in general and the neighbour in particular. Violation of this rule entailed punishment. The tern Bṛihat-Bhairava-Gadyāṇa occurring in line 30 is of particular interest to the students of numismatics. Two similar terms Bhairava-Nishka and Bhairava-Gadyāṇa are met with in lines 41-42 of the Panjim plates of Jayakēśin I.[7] The denominations nishka and gadyāṇa are used here to denote a gold coin in general.[8] From the discovery of gold coins bearing the legend Malege Bhairava in the Goa territory and also from the same legend found on the seal of the above-mentioned copper-plates, we can safely conclude that these were issued by the Kadamba rulers of _______________________________________________
[1] Ibid., Nos. 177 and 211.
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