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The Indian Analyst
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South Indian Inscriptions |
EPIGRAPHIA INDICA below it another subscript ṇ exactly like the superscript (see miṇṇaka, line 14). However, in paṇṇu occurring several times in lines 3 and 4 and in yaṇṇa in line 7, subscript ṇ is written in two ways : either as subscript n without the seriff attached to it (as in paṇṇu in lines 3 and 4) or like the cursive form of the subscript n as written even at present by attaching it to the right limb of ṇ (as in yaṇṇa in line 7). These different modes of representing apparently the same sound are noteworthy. In respect of other palaeographical features of individual letters, the record bears a close resemblance to the Bezwada pillar inscription of Yudhamalla.[1] As for orthography, the anusvāra is used in place of the class nasal in samāliṁgita (line 1), maṁgaḷa (line 9), Vaiduṁba (line 1), etc., and the class nasal in place of the anusvāra in Vēnāṇṭi (line 3), vāṇḍu (lines 5-6) etc. The rules of sandhi are correctly observed. Among individual words, santosa (line 3) is obviously used for santōsha ; cf. santasa which is commonly found in Telugu and Kannaḍa. As for the words alisina from alachu (cf. Kannaḍa alisu, Tamil ali), vaḍasina from vaḍayu or paḍayu (cf. Kannaḍa paḍe, Tamil aḍai), kadapina from kadumu (cf. Kannaḍa kadubu), chirudera (cf. Kannaḍa kirudere, Tamil chirrirai), paḍevāḷa (cf. Kannaḍa paḍevaḷa, Tamil paḍaiyāḷ), etc., the affinity of their roots or bases to those of the corresponding words in Kannaḍa or Tamil is readily discernible. The word llechchu (line 6), spelt with the initial letter doubled, occurs in archaic inscriptions both in this form and as lachchu.[2] In the word kabbada used as an epithet of Kēsiyanna, the composer of the record, perhaps on account of his literary attainments,[3] kabba is the tadbhava of kāvya and is common both to Telugu and Kannaḍa. The terms Raṭṭoḍi and Raṭṭaguḍi (lines 11-12), which are variants indicating the same office, are met with in the inscriptions of this period.[4] The suffix aṇṇa in Chandiyaṇṇa (line 7) and the word ōvajanu in Dantiy-ōvajanu (line 9) show the influence of Kannaḍa. Attention may also be drawn to the forms okkoḍu (line 13) for okkaḍu or okkaṇḍu, aruvādi and goṇuvāru (line 15) for aruvadi and gonuvāru respectively. The record furnishes us with an early reference to the coin called gadya, a still earlier mention of it being that in the Chēvūru plates of Chālukya Amma I (922-934 A.D.).[5] It occurs frequently as gadyāṇa in Kannaḍa inscriptions of this period,[6]
The record states that on the happy occasion of his coronation, Bhuvana-triṇētra Irugeya-mahārāja granted to the farmers (kāṁpus) of Vēnāḍu (whose names are specified), all the minor taxes (chiru-deralu) inclusive of the tivul-desa, barring the Dogarāchappaṇṇu, Paḍiyēripaṇṇu, Paḍevāḷapaṇṇu and Sandhivigrahipanṇu. Of the records of Bhuvana-triṇētra, three furnish dates. The earliest is a copper-plate grant, the only one of this king or, for that matter, of this dynasty, so far known, is dated in Śaka 893,[7] while two stone inscription, one from Upparapalle[8] and the other from Animala,[9] both in the Cuddapah District, are dated in Śaka 894 and 898 respectively. While the Upparapalle record mentions the king as Bhuvana-triṇētra and the Animala epigraph gives his personal name as Irigāya after the usual praśasti, the record under review establishes the identity of these two by ______________________________________________________________ [1] Above, Vol. XV, Plate opp. p. 158.
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