South Indian Inscriptions

EPIGRAPHIA INDICA

“ In the 1[8th ] year (of the reign) of the emperor of the three worlds, the glorious Râjêndra-Chôḷadêva,─ on the day of Śravaṇa, which corresponded to a Wednesday and to the second tithi of the second fortnight of the month of [Maka]ra.”

In the month of Makara a second tithi of the second fortnight cannot possibly be combined with the nakshatra Śravaṇa, and the probability again is that the second fortnight has been quoted erroneously for the first. Undoubtedly the date corresponds to Wednesday, the 2nd January A.D. 1264, which was the 9th day of the month of Makara, and on which the 2nd tithi of the bright half (of Mâgha) commenced 0 h. 51 m., while the nakshatra was Śravaṇa, by the equal space system and according to Garga for 9 h. 12 m., and by the Brahma-siddhânta for 10 h. 30 m., after mean sunrise.─ Accordingly, the reading in the original should have been pûrva-pakshattu, not apara-pakshattu.

136.─ In the Tyâgarâjasvâmin temple at Tiruvârûr.^[1]

1 Svasti śrîḥ (symbol) Tiribuvanachchakkaravarttigaḷ śrî-Râjêndra-Śôladêvarkku yâṇḍu 20[â]vadu Ma[ga]ra-nâyarru pûrvva-pakshattu trayôdaśiyum Budhan- kilamaiyum [p]erra Puṇarpûśattu nâḷ.

“ In the 20th year (of the reign) of the emperor of the three worlds, the glorious Râjêndra-Chôḷadêva,─ on the day of Punarvasu, which corresponded to a Wednesday and to the thirteenth tithi of the first fortnight of the month of Makara.”

The date corresponds to Wednesday, the 20th January A.D. 1266, which was the 27th day of the month of Makara, and on which the 13th tithi of the bright half (of Mâgha^[2]) ended 19 h. 29 m., while the nakshatra was Punarvasu, by the equal space system and according to Garga for 21 h. 40 m., and by the Brahma-siddhânta for 21 h. 1 m., after mean sunrise.

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No. 27.─ DATES OF PANDYA KINGS.

BY PROFESSOR F. KIELHORN, C.I.E. ; GÖTTINGEN.

(Continued from Vol. VII. page 17.)

Of the nineteen new Pâṇḍya dates here published, Nos. 44-56 confirm the general results previously arrived at concerning the kings Jaṭâvarman Kulaśêkhara, Mâravarman Sundara-Pâṇḍya I., Mâravarman Kulaśêkhara I., and Jaṭâvarman Sundara-Pâṇḍya II., and reduce the periods during which the first and third of these kings commenced to reign to the times from (approximately) the 30th March to the 29th November A.D. 1190, and from (approximately) the 19th March to the 27th June A.D. 1268, respectively. The date No. 47 of Mâravarman Kulaśêkhara I., which expressly connects a day in the 40th year of the king’s reign with Śaka-saṁvat 1229,^[3] has been particularly gratifying to me, because I had independently found another date of his 40th year to fall in exactly the same Śaka year. The dates Nos. 57-59 belong to a king Kônêrimêlkoṇḍân Vikrama-Pâṇḍya, who commenced to reign between (approximately) the 13th January and the 27th July A.D. 1401 ; and Nos. 60-62 to a ling Mâravarman Vîra-Pâṇḍya, who apparently commenced to reign between (approximately) the 13th March and the 28th July A.D. 1443.

I have 35 other dates which seem to belong to 18 different Pâṇḍya kings. These cannot be published till more dates of the same kings have been discovered.
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^[1] No. 555 of the Government Epigraphist’s collection for 1904.
^[2] This tithi is a Kalpâdi.
^[3] This until recently was the earliest known Śaka year, quoted in a Pâṇḍya date. Quite lately Mr. Venkayya has discovered a date of the 8th year of the Pâṇḍya Varaguṇa, coupled with the Śaka year 792.