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INTRODUCTION
cluster; it is also sometimes shortened by mistake. In all these cases it is interesting to
compare these changes with those of the long vowel a.
(I) Change īi before a cluster is not at all frequent. The only instance observable
is Dighatapasi (dīrgha─) B 63.
(II) Change ī i before gen. sg. term. This change is universal and is observed
before all the three terminations, viz. ─ya, ─yā, and ─ye; cf. some of the
following instances:─bhichhuniya A 24 etc., Vāsiṭhiya A 35, Kākaṁdiya (abl.
sg.) A 37, bhikhuniyā? A 12 etc., Koḍiyāniyā A 14, A 15, yakhiyā A 116, bhikhuniye A 44, bhichhuniye A 43, A 74 etc.
(III) Change ī>i is observed at the end of the nom. sg. of stems ending in i[1] and in:
Yakhi B 2, yakhini B 10, Padum [ā]vat[i] B 30, Dighatapasi B 63.
(IV) Change ī>i is observed in the compound formations in Vāchhiputa─ A 1, Gotiputa─
A 1, Revatimita─ A 34, Bhāranideva─ A 100[2]. But long i is kept in Gāgīputa─ A1.
(V) Change ī>i is observed in suffixes in all cases; cf. chhadaṁtiya B 49, yavamajhakiya B 52, Maghādeviya B 57, Bhogavaḍhaniya A 51 etc.
This change is also found before the possessive suffix ─mat, cf. Sirimā B 8, Sirimasa A 110.
(VI) In the following instances the shortening occurs due to mistake or as a result
of occasionally pronouncing first or second syllable short. Isāna─ (īśāna─) A 84 a, A 85 b, tira─(tīra─) B 62 (but Lüders proposes to regard
the sign for ra as a chance stroke and to read timi instead of tirami and combine timi with the following timiṁgila), Sirisapada─ (Śirīshapadra─?) A 53.
§ 9. The short vowel u is well preserved. It is shown, obviously by mistake, as a
in Saga─ (for Suga─ Śuṅga─) A 2 and in kamāra─ (kumāra─ ?) A 3. § 10. The long vowel ū is not preserved.
(I) It is changed to u before a cluster in Punakiya (Pūrṇakīya) B 55; sutaṁtika─
(sūtrāntika─) A 51, Dhuta─ (Dhūrta─) A 96, and tura─ (tūrya─) B 27.
(II) It is changed before the gen. sg. mas. term. in Vesabhuṇā B 14 (or rather Vesabhuno, cf. § 12 (c)).
(III) It is shortened in the first syllable in the following instances : Bhuta─ or Bhutaka─
(Bhūta─) A 8, A 31, A 38, Thupadāsa (Stūpadāsa-) A 25, rupakāra-(rūpa-) A 55, suchi─ (sūchi─) A 23, B 9 etc., muga─ (mūka─) B 59, Dusita─ (Dūshita-) B 75, and once in the second syllable in Viruḍaka─ (Virūḍhaka─) B 4.
§ 11. Treatment of simple consonants: The simple consonants are in a very large
majority of cases well preserved. The cases of palatalisation and cerebralisation have been
separately dealt with below (§ 13, § 14). The change of surds to sonants occurs in a few cases
with k, ṭ, t, and th. The opposite tendency of changing sonants to surds occurs in only two
illustrations with d and b. This latter tendency may show the hand of a north-western scribe
in the writing of these inscriptions.
§12. Treatment of Sanskrit stops :
(a) In the case of gutturals, the only change of note that has occurred is of ─k─>─g─[3] in only one instance.
Sk. mūka─>muga─ B 59 (see the change of ─ṭ─>─ḍ─, ─t─> ─d─ and ─th─> ─dh─ below).
The change of kh>k as a result of loss of aspiration is found in Dṛidhanishkrama-
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The only case where i is shown as ending of the nom. sg. is devī B 56.
Perhaps also in Bībikanadikaṭa (Bimbikānadīkaṭa) A 21, A 22.
The opposite change of ─g─>─k─ in Ajakālako B 3 is not noticed, as Lüders himself seems to have
gives up his suggestion to equate this word with Ajagālaka─. He is inclined to take Kalaka from the
root kal.
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