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The Indian Analyst
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South Indian Inscriptions |
KALACHURI OF TRIPURI The latest date of Jayasimha’s reign is K. 928, which is furnished by a stone inscription at Tewar recording the erection of a temple of Śiva by a private individual named Kēśava.1 The next known date is K. 944, which belongs to the reign of his son and successor Vijayasimha.2 Jayasimha, therefore, seems to have reigned from K. 915 to K. 940 (1163-1188 A.C.). Towards the close of his reign Jayasimha seems to have been forced to pay homage to the Chandēlla king Paramardin. In a fragmentary Mahōbā inscription dated V. 1240 (1184 A.C.), it is stated that the lord of Tripurī fainted whenever he heard the songs of the valour of Paramardin’s arms.3 Paramardin flourished from circa 1165 A.C. to 1203 A.C. The Kalachuri king who submitted to him was probably Jayasimha. Like his predecessors, Jayasimha assumed the imperial titles Paramabhattaraka, Maharajadhiraja and Paramesvara as well as âLord of Trikalingaâ and âOverlord of the three Rajas, the lord of horses etc.â These titles had then become quite conventional and meaningless. He was a devotee of Siva, and as stated before, made some gifts of villages to that deity. His spiritual preceptor was Vimalasiva.4
Jayasimha had two queensââKelhanadevi mentioned in his Jabalpur plates,5 and Gosaladevi known from the Kumbhi plates6 and the Bhera-Ghat inscription.7 The village Gosalapur, about 19 miles north by east of Jabalpur, was evidently founded in the name of the latter queen. As stated before, Jayasimha was succeeded by his son Vijayasimha. It seems that in the beginning of his reign the ruler of Karkaredi attempted to throw off his yoke. As we have already seen, Kirtivarman, who was ruling over Karkaredi in K. 926, was a vassal of Jayasimha. His brother Salakshana, who succeeded him, revolted against his overlord, but he was promptly subdued by Malayasimha, another feudatory of Vijayasimha, in the battle of Karkaredi. This event is mentioned in the Rewa stone inscription8 of Vijayasimha, dated K. 994 (1193 A.C.). In the Rewa plate, issued two years later in V. 1253 (1195 A.C.), Salakshanavarman acknowledges the suzerainty of Vijayasimha and names him with the usual Kalachuri titles of paramountcy. The aforementioned Rewa stone inscription states that Malayasimha routed another chief named Vikrama; but the latter cannot be identified as no further details are given. The last record of Vijayasimhaâs reign is the Rewa stone inscription, the date of which
is partially effaced.9 From the first two figures which are not altogether illegible, it seems
that the record was incised in K. 96 (x). As the Dhureti plates10 show that the Chandella
Trailokyamalla or Trailokyavarman was in occupation of the territory round Rewa in
K. 963 (1212 A.C.), Vijayasimha seems to have lost the northern portion of Baghelkhand
in K. 961 or K. 962.
Vijayasimha seems also to have submitted to the Yadava king Simhana. In the
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