|
The Indian Analyst
|
North Indian Inscriptions |
INSCRIPTIONS OF THE PARAMARAS OF MALWA century. The initial a shows its transitional stage and its slightly different forms can be thoug in akālē, 1. 1, āsīt-, 1.4 and anyatra-, 1. 15 ; the initial short i is represented by two curves are below the other and unconnected ; cf. iti, 1.6 ; and the initial ē resembles a triangle with its break turned upward ; cf. ēkā-, 1. 18. Of the consonants, the loop of k is occasionally formed by a sudden bend of the lowest extremity of the vertical stroke, as in kapāla-, 1. 11 ; the same loop when the letter is the first member of a conjunct consonant, is changed to a dot which is joined to the vertical with a horizontal stroke as in –parityakta-, 1. 8 ; and in such akshara as ksh and kṛi this letter loses the loop, as in kshōda-kshama-, 1. 21 and kṛiti-, 1. 28. The conjunct gg appears as gn as in vargga, 1.14 ; ṅ has not developed its dot ; cf. sarvṅ-kasha-, 1. 15 ; the sub script forms of chh and th are almost alike as in instances in 1.2 ; the subscript ṇ is often marked as l ; e.g. in karṇṇa, 1.16 ; dh is in a transitional stage showing the horn on its left limb occasion ally ; both the examples being noticed in the same word vasudhā-ādhipatya, 1.8 ; p and y are mostly alike in form as in prāpya, 1.19 ; and lastly, bh often resembles t, cf. abhēdya, 1.2. ... The language is Sanskrit, written in the classical style, and except for the introduction obeisance to the Sun-deity, the record is metrically composed throughout. The orthographical peculiarities to be noticed are : (1) v is invariably written for b as in bahiḥ, 1.2 ; (2) the dental sibilant is put for the palatal in a few cases yaśō-rāsi, 1. 20 where it occurs side by side with the correct from ; and possibly reverse is the case in a few instances as in –utśava-,¬ 1. 17 and pīnāṁśō, 1.24 ; [1] (3) a class-consonant following r is doubled, see paruvata-, 1. 13 ; (4) the medial dipthongs are more often denoted by the pṛishṭha-mātrā ; (5) the anusvāra (and not the final my is used at the end of a hemistich, and both these are often found side by side with the proper class-nasal ; cf. dviradēṅdra-danta, 1. 12 and saṅgēshu bhṛiṅgānanāḥ and kaṁdala, both in 1. 11. (6) the final n is wrongly changed to anusvāra as in pallavayaṁ, 1.21. Besides, the dental nasal is used in words like haṁsa, puñja and prāṁśu respectively in 11. 17, 19 and 23 ; and finaly, sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between a daṇḍa and the sign of medial ā of a pṛishṭhamātrā. Slovenliness in the technical execution so as to change the forms of some of the letters, e.g. śuchi appearing as dyati in 1. 19, is to be seen throughout.
...The inscription refers itself to the reign of the Pramāra (Paramāra) prince Jagaddēva and its object is to record the construction of a temple of the Sun under the name of Nimv(b)āditya, [2] by Padmāvati, the queen of Arjuna, who was born in the Dāhima family and was a subordinate and favourite of king Udayāditya. The record contains no date, [3] but on palaeographical grounds it can be assigned to the eleventh century A.C. ...The record opens with a short sentence paying obeisance to the Sun, and this is followed by
three maṅgala-ślōkas, the first of which is in praise of the same deity and the rest two invoke
the blessings of Śiva under the names of Sthāṇu and Tripurāri, respectively. The next verse
speaks of the eponymous hero bearing the name Pramāra, 1.e. Paramāra, who was created
by Vaishṭha from his fire-pit to destroy the forces of Viśvāmitra who had taken away his cow,
as we find in many other records of the house. Then we are told in vv. 5-6 that in that family
was born a very powerful king Jagaddēva whose name was true to its sense. His father was
king Udayāditya, and his paternal uncle the king Bhōjadēva, both of whom shone like the
sun and the moon.
[4]
In the preceding inscription we have already discussed how Jagaddēva was related to Udayāditya and the latter’s brother was the illustrious Bhōjadēva who ruled in
Mālwā in the first half of the eleventh century A.C. The next seven verses (6-12) are devoted
to eulogise Jagaddēva’s military achievements. The description is all poetic, but it states that
he vanquished the Āndhra king, uprooted in sport the king of Chakradurga, successfully
invaded Dōrasamudra, struggled with the Gurjaras and subdued the king Karṇa. This
figurative description no doubt yields historically important information. Āndhra here appears
to signify the Chōla country ; and Jagaddēva’s contemporary Chōla king was Rājarāja II who
was later on known as Kulōttuṅga. Chakradurga has been identified with the central part of
the Bastar District in Madhya Pradesh, which was then under the Nāga ruler Sōmēśvara, whose
[1] Because of the peculiar formation of this letter I am not sure whether it is s or ś
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > |
|
>
|