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The Indian Analyst
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North Indian Inscriptions |
INSCRIPTIONS OF THE PARAMARAS OF MALWA UDAIPUR STONE INSCRIPION OF THE PARAMĀRA RULERS OF MĀLWĀ (Chālukya) and the Chaulukyas of Gujarāt have already been discussed above[1] and need not be repeated here. About Indraratha and Tōggala(?) I am unable to say anything.[2] The king of the Gurjaras, who must be taken separate from Bhīma who too is mentioned here, may have been the Pratīhāra king of Kanauj, as Dr. D. C. Ganguli has suggested ; but we have no evidence either to corroborate it or to know its details. The name Turushka (Turk) is used to denote the Mohammedans in general ; and Bhōja’s victory over the Turushkas, mentioned in the inscription, may allude to his sending an army to help the Shāhī Ānandapāla in 1008 A.C. against Mahmūd of Gaznī or to his ‘joining the conspiracy of the Hindu Chiefs when he conquered Hānsī, Thānes- war, Nagarkot and other dependencies of the Muslims and besieged the fortress of Lahore for seven months.â[3] ...Verse 20 of the praśasti states that Bhōja ‘covered the world all around with temples dedicated to Kēdāra, Rāmēśvara, Sōmanātha, Suṇḍīra (?) Kāla, Anala and Rudra.’ The first three of these names appear to be intended to refer, respectively, to the well-known Śiva temples in the north, south and west ; and following the same, the fourth, which is a strange and so-far unknown name, may possibly have been one in the east. Kāla, the fifth of the names enumerated here, may possibly be taken to be an abbreviated from of Mahākāla, at Ujjain ;[4] and the last two of the names, i.e., Anala and Rudra, which also are synonymous with Śiva are very common and cannot be specified. Commenting on this statement of the praśasti, Bühler has rightly remarked that it cannot be corroborated,[5] and agreeing with him, we are also inclined to hold that the choice of these names may have made with a view to impress what the praśasti has already stated in v. 17, that Bhōja enjoyed the earth from the north to the south and from the east to the west.
...Bhōjadēva’s earliest epigraphic date is supplied by the Mōḍāsā grant of V.S. 1067 or 1011 A. C. Bühler, to whom this date was not known, makes an attempt in this direction by showing that his accession took place between 1005 when the N.S. Charita which does not mention him was written, and 1011-12 and 1119-19 A.C. when he was engaged in a struggle with the Chālukya Jayasiṁa III. His last date cannot be accurately ascertained ; but his latest known date is furnished by the by the Tilakawāḍā grant which was issued in V.S. 1103 or 1047 A.C.[6]
...The following verse (21) introduces Udayāditya, who is spoken of as ‘another Sun dispelling the dense darkness in the form of his magnanimous foes with the rays issuing from his
strong sword and thereby gladdening the hearts of his people by his splendour’. The enemies
referred to here are not specified, but the description goes to indicate that they were very powerful and had deprived the Paramāras of their kingdom in the last days of Bhōja, or immediately
after his death. From the Prabandhachintāmani we learn that in the last days of Bhōjadēva the
Kalachuri Karṇa and the Chaulukya Bhīma attacked Mālwā simultaneously and took possession
of his kingdom.[7]
This statement is corroborated by epigraphical records of the Paramāras. The
Nagpur praśasti, which is more explicit on the point, states that Udayāditya resembled the Great
Boar in delivering the earth (i.e., the Paramāra kingdom) which had submerged in the mighty
oceans in the form of the Karṇāṭā, Karṇa and others (prabhṛiti). This description agrees very
closely with that of the Māndhātā grant of Jayasiṁha II, though the enemy mentioned there was
only the Gurjara king.[8]
Discussing all these details, we have concluded that the enemies then
befalling simultaneously on the Paramāra kingdom for the different directions were (1) the
[1] See Kālvaṇ plates of Yaśōvarman, No. 16, above.
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