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Infobase

27 topics and 201 issues, India explained. Each card shows the languages it can be read in.

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Association of South East Asia Nations (ASEAN)

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional organisation formed by the Governments of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand through the Bangkok Declaration…

Read in: English தமிழ் हिन्दी Español Français 中文 ಕನ್ನಡ తెలుగు മലയാളം मराठी ગુજરાતી ਪੰਜਾਬੀ বাংলা संस्कृतम् العربية ଓଡ଼ିଆ 日本語

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Bureaucracy

The Indian bureaucracy is technically the administrative arm of the Government but administratively reports into the government who are part of the legislative.

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Constitution

Called Bhāratīya Saṃvidhāna, the Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 but came into effect on 26 January 1950.

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Defence & Security

When India attained independence after 150 years of colonial rule, 100 years of East India Company rule, and 900 years of barbarian invasions, it stood depleted of agricultural self-sufficiency,…

Read in: English தமிழ் हिन्दी Español Français 中文 ಕನ್ನಡ తెలుగు മലയാളം मराठी ગુજરાતી ਪੰਜਾਬੀ বাংলা संस्कृतम् العربية ଓଡ଼ିଆ 日本語 Deutsch

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Democracy in India

Contrary to modern perception, democracy in India did not start in 1947 when the country attained independence from the United Kingdom but existed for millennia albeit in a different form.

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Education in India

For millennia, India was the teacher of the world. Students from China, Persia, Greece, Rome, Egypt, Israel, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Laos studied in various Indian universities…

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Feature

India is a place known for its saints and scholars. Some of the greatest contemporary people who have impacted the way the world worked, thought, lived and acted were Indians.

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Foreign Affairs

The main thrust of India's foreign policy has been to establish its rightful place in the emerging world order.

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Healthcare

The National Health Policy (NHP) - 2002 envisages increasing public health investment from the current level of 0.9 percent of GDP to 2 percent of GDP by 2010.

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Human Rights

As important as civil and political rights in the Indian context are the rights of the marginalized -- women, tribals, Dalits or lower-castes, and the poor whose survival depends on access to natural…

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India-Pakistan Relations

Indo-Pak relations have been characterized by mistrust, suspicion, and conflict from the day the two countries emerged as independent and separate nation states in August 1947.

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India-US Relations

Indo-U.S. relations are undergoing a qualitative transformation. Cooperation and consultations have broadened and diversified considerably.

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Jammu & Kashmir

Jammu & Kashmir lies in the extreme north of the country and is bounded on the north by China, on the east by Tibet and on the south by Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Pakistan.

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North Eastern States

The North Eastern States of India consist of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura. Most of these states were part of former Assam.

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Politics & Polity

The Constitution of India does not recognize political parties. Parliament too, has not enacted any law with regard to their formation and functioning.

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Population

India is the second most populous country in the world, after China. The population which at the turn of the twentieth century was around 238.4 million, increased to reach 1,027 million in March,…

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Poverty

Poverty line is drawn on the basis of a barest minimum desirable nutritional standards of calorie intake.

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Religions

India, being a secular country, does not recognize any religion as State religion. The Constitution allows for freedom of faith, worship, and religion.

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Science & Technology

The India Government has been consistently laying emphasis on the development of science and technology as a major instrument for achieving national goals of self-reliance and socio-economic…

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Terrorism

India has been a victim of terrorism for many decades, much before the West experienced its deadly reality on September 11, 2001.

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The Environment

As the oldest civilization in the world, awareness of the environment and ecosystem was part of the psyche of every citizen.

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The Indian Economy

India has the third largest economy in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms valued at USD 10.2 trillion (USD 3.05 trillion in nominal terms and ranked sixth by this measure).

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Tourism

Tourism is one of the largest service industries promising vast employment opportunities and bringing in substantial foreign exchange to the country.

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United Nations & India

India has an active participation in the open meetings of the UN Security Council on key issues such as the situation in West Asia, Afghanistan, Iraq as well as on thematic issues such as threats to…

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Women

The problems Indian women face are same as those faced by their counterparts in other nations. Additionally, there are some unique problems in India for women.

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Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome

India accounts for 10 per cent of the global HIV burden. An estimated 5.10 million men, women and children were living with HIV/AIDS in the country at the end of 2003, with an adult (15-49 years)…

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Afghanistan

Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan, or Jamhouri Afghanistan, is landlocked country, located in Central Asia.

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Air India

Air-India is India's national flag carrier. On October 15, 1932. It was on this day that J.R.D.

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Akali Dal

Shiromani Akali Dal was formed in the 1920s after the formation of SGPC (Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee), a religious body formed as a result of movement to secure Sikh temples (Gurudwara)…

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Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh is the fifth largest state in India, both in area and population. It is bounded by Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and the Bay of Bengal.

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Apollo Group

The Apollo Hospitals Group has been recognized as the ‘Architect of Modern Healthcare’ in India. Since it was incorporated as a Public Limited Company in the year 1979, promoted by Dr. Prathap C.

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Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh (Land of the Dawn-lit Mountains) is a thinly populated hilly tract on the eastern most part of India, surrounded on three sides by the international border with Bhutan to the west,…

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Assam

It is believed that Assam is only the anglicized version of ‘Asom’- the name the Ahoms gave to the country, when they conquered it. Geographically Assam is a shadow of its former self.

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Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee was Prime Minister of India from May 16-31, 1996 and a second time from March 19, 1998 to May 13, 2004.

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Aurobindo Ghosh

Sri Aurobindo Ghosh was born in Calcutta on 15 August 1872. At the age of seven he was taken to England for education and in 1890 went up to King's College, Cambridge.

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Bajaj Group of Companies

Bajaj Auto Ltd is the largest two and three wheeler manufacturer in the country with an annual turnover in excess of Rs38 billion.

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Bangladesh

People's Republic of Bangladesh, or Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh, is surrounded by India, Myanmar and the Bay of Bengal.

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Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited or BSNL

On October 1, 2000 the Department of Telecom Operations, Government of India became a corporation and was christened Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). Today, BSNL is the No.

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Bharti Group of Companies

Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited was incorporated on July 7, 1995 by Sunil Bharti Mittal. Its subsidiaries operate telecom services across India.

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Bihar

The name ‘Bihar’ is a corrupt form of ‘Vihara’, which means a Buddhist monastery. It finds mention in the Vedas, Puranas, epics, etc., and 24 Jain Tirthankars.

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Biodiversity

India has a rich and varied heritage of biodiversity, encompassing a wide spectrum of habitats from tropical rainforests to alpine vegetation and from temperate forests to coastal wetlands.

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Bonded Labour

The genesis of rural poverty in India dates back to the later half of the 18th Century when the erstwhile colonial rulers introduced the Zamindari System.

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Border Security Force

The Border Security Force (BSF) of India, which was raised in December 1965, is charged with the task of maintaining permanent vigilance on India's international borders.

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Canara Bank

Founded as 'Canara Bank Hindu Permanent Fund' in 1906, by late Sri. Ammembal Subba Rao Pai, a philanthropist, this small seed blossomed into a limited company as 'Canara Bank…

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Caste Politics

Ever since the law-giver Manu divided ancient Indian society into a hierarchical system, every aspect of a Hindu’s life, name, schooling, occupation, housing, marriage, worship, rights, has been…

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Central Government

The Union Government, as India's central government is known, is divided into three distinct but interrelated branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

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Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh is situated in the central part of India. It is bounded by Andhra Pradesh on the south, Orissa on the east, Maharashtra on the south west Jharkhand state on north west.

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Child Labour

Child labor is a complex problem that is basically rooted in poverty. Children under fourteen constitute around 3.6% of the total labor force in India.

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Christianity

Christians comprise about 2.5% of India's population. They are largely concentrated in Goa, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala, the last three States accounting for…

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Communist Party of India

The CPI(M) was formed at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of India held in Calcutta from October 31 to November 7, 1964. The CPI(M) has grown steadily since its formation in 1964.

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Constitution Review

The constitution is a living organism with functioning institutional structures and an ever-growing dynamic process.

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Corruption

A shortage of basic decent human life in India has forced a common person to be corrupt.

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Dalits in India

India is a complex nation with more languages and ethnic groups. This lack of progress is not due to the lack of political representation, denial of education, or a wanton denial of opportunities to…

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Defence Issues

The Defense & Security Issues faced by India are multi-pronged. With terrorism being generated in and exported from the neighboring countries like Pakistan & Bangladesh, India…

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Defence Scandals

The nation has been shocked to the gills by the visual exposure of Defense payoffs by the dotcom company tehelka.com.

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Democracy

In the ancient times, democracy in the republic form had existed in India. This is evident from the writings of Rufus and Diodorus Siculus in their histories of Alexander, that mention a group of…

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Democracy in Pakistan

Historically, the political and government culture in Pakistan is a strong product of its past that links to the pre-partition British Rule.

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Development

The Government has set up several committees with a view to pursue economic reforms that enable higher economic growth and generate more employment, while making the Indian economy more globally…

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Disinvestment

In India for almost four decades the country was pursuing a path of development in which public sector was expected to be the engine of growth.

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Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, chiefly responsible for drafting of The Constitution of India and a champion of human rights was born on the 14th April, 1891.

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Dravida Munetra Kazhagam

The DMK emerged in the fifties as a party and a movement that thrived on strong caste, regional, and even secessionist sentiments.

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Ecology

India is a mega-diversity country that is particularly rich in vertebrate fauna. This is a result of its unique biogeography, and, evolutionary and social histories it has faunal elements from the…

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Economic Reforms

Economic reforms began in earnest only in July 1991. The reforms of the last 10 years have gone a long way toward freeing up the domestic economy from state control.

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Election Results

Legislative elections were held in India, the world's largest democracy, in four phases between April 20 and May 10, 2004.

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Environmental Conservation

The Department of Environment and Forests was created in the Central Government, which subsequently became the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) by the mid-1980s.

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Female Infanticide

The phenomenon of female infanticide is as old as many cultures, and has likely accounted for millions of gender-selective deaths throughout history.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Developing countries, increasingly see foreign direct investment (FDI) as a source of economic development, modernization and employment generation, and have liberalized their FDI regimes to attract…

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Forest Management

The forests of India have been known to be one of the richest in terms of vegetation types and species diversity, and are classified into sixteen major forest types ranging from the Himalayan…

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Gas Authority of India Limited

Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) was established in August 1984 as a wholly owned Company of the Government of India with 100% equity held by the Government of India.

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Gen. Pervez Musharraf

President Musharraf was born in Delhi on 11th August, 1943. He spent his early childhood in Ankara, Turkey.

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Goa

Goa is the smallest state of the Indian Union. Situated between Karnataka and Maharashtra, Goa is bounded on the north by the Terekhol river, surrounded on the south and east by Karnataka while on…

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Gujarat

Gujarat is an Indian state off the western coast. It is the fifth-largest state in India by population and the ninth-largest by area.

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Harkat-ul-Jehad-i-Islami

The Harkat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HuJI) was launched in 1980 as part of the Pakistan-based Jehad network fighting troops of the then Soviet Union who were deployed in Afghanistan.

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Haryana

Haryana is bounded UP in the east, Punjab in the west, Himachal Pradesh in the north and Rajasthan in the south.

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HDFC Group

HDFC was incorporated in 1977 with the primary objective of meeting a social need – that of promoting home ownership by providing long-term finance to households for their housing needs.

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Health

The National Health Policy (NHP) - 2002 envisages increasing public health investment from current level 0.9 percent of GDP to 2 percent of GDP by 2010.

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Heritage

India is a modern civilization of nuclear capability that continues to nurture its roots that go back to a time before the written record of history.

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Hero Honda Motors Limited

Hero Honda, New Delhi-based company is a joint venture between India's Hero Group and Japan's giant Honda Motor Company. Hero Honda Established in 1984.

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Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh is situated in the north west corner of India, right in the lap of the Himalayan ranges.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is one of the most ancient religions of the world and the only surviving ancient religion. Hinduism as we know it today was not a religion per se but a way of life.

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Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd

Indian Aircraft Industry can be traced to the founding of Hindustan Aircraft Limited at Bangalore in December 1940 in association with the erstwhile princely State of Mysore and late Shri Seth…

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Hindustan Lever Limited

Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL) has been in India since 1931 and has played a key role in the industrial development of India. Its annual sales in excess of 2 billion U.S.

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Hizbul Mujahideen

Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) is one of the most important terrorist outfits in terms of its effectiveness in perpetrating violence across the J&K at regular intervals.

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Hurriyat Conference

All Party Hurriyat Conference (APHC), is a conglomeration of secessionist leaders of Jammu & Kashmir, under a political banner.

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ICICI Group

The Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited (ICICI) incorporated at the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry, with the…

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Illegal Immigration

The Illegal Immigration from Bangladesh into India's northeast that it is a time bomb that will explode sooner or later.

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India-Algeria Relations

Name of the country: Algeria Capital : Algiers Names of Provinces & Provincial Capitals Unlike India, the country has a centralised system of Government where provinces in strict sense of the…

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India-Australia Relations

Basic foreign, international trade, etc. policies: Australia has an open economy with very little Governmental control.

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India-Austria Relations

Foreign and International Trade Policy: Membership of organisations: After World War II, Austria was occupied by the Allied powers.

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India-Bhutan Relations

Bhutan, also referred to as Druk Yul (The land of the Thunder Dragon) is one of India’s closest neighbors. It has an area of 46,500 square kilometres and houses a population of 7,00,000.

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India-Bolivia Relations

Interactions between India and Bolivia in the past have been very minimal. There is no Indian Embassy in Bolivia. This Mission in Lima is concurrently accredited to Bolivia.

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India-Brazil Relations

Vice President S. Radhakrishnan (1954), Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1968), Finance Minister V.P. Singh (1986), Transport & Communications Minister K.P.

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India-China Relations

China, India’s largest neighbor, is passing through a period of rapid economic growth and modernization with the aim of achieving great power status in the shortest time possible.

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India-Denmark Relations

Bilateral Relations: The friendship between the two countries has been expressed in periodic exchanges of high level visits.

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India-European Union Relations

INDIA-BELGIUM RELATIONS Facts of particular historical and cultural significance in relations between India and (Belgium), including date of establishment of diplomatic relations: India enjoys…

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India-Fiji Relations

Indian Diaspora: India’s links with Fiji Islands commenced in 1879 when Indian labourers were brought here under indentured system to work on sugarcane plantations.

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India-France Relations

India and France have enjoyed cordial and substantive ties, with regular interaction between the leadership of both countries which began intensifying since the seventies.

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India-Germany Relations

Indo-German relations have been consistently cordial and friendly. In 1951, India was among the first four countries to establish diplomatic relations with the Federal Republic of Germany (the…

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India-Hungary Relations

Hungary, with a total land area of 90,030 sq. km. is strategically located in Central Europe with easy access to both Western and Eastern Europe.

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India-Indonesia Relations

Bilateral relations are underpinned by close historical and civilizational interaction and shared commonalities in terms of size, diversity (ethnic and religious) and multi-culturalism.

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India-Iran Relations

India and Iran share centuries of close cultural & civilizational affinities. The two neighbouring civilizations (from the times of the Achaemenian, Sassanian, Maurya and Gupta empires) have…

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India-Iraq Relations

India and Iraq have enduring political, economic and cultural ties. Both countries have a strong civilisational base and the relations between the peoples of Iraq and India are historical and close.

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India-Ireland Relations

India and Ireland enjoy friendly and cordial relations as a result of the bonds established during their freedom struggles. These have been strengthened over the years.

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India-Israel Relations

Establish- On September 17, 1950, GOI announced recognition of Israel. ment of David Ben Gurion, Israel’s first Prime Minister, held Gandhiji in relations high esteem.

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India-Italy Relations

Diplomatic relations between India and Italy were established in 1947. India and Italy, both are countries with ancient civilizations and grand cultural heritages.

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India-Japan Relations

Diplomatic relations between Japan and India were established in 1952. The relationship with India was marked by a special cordiality in the early part of the post-war years.

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India-Jordan Relations

India enjoys cordial and friendly relations with Jordan. India and Jordan share a common colonial past and emerged as independent sovereign entities in 1947 and 1946 respectively.

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India-Lebanon Relations

Bilateral relations between India and Lebanon are cordial and friendly. India maintained its diplomatic representation in Beirut throughout the civil war from 1975- 1990 barring a brief closure for…

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India-Malaysia Relations

As is the case with entire South East Asia, India’s trading and cultural ties with Malaysia have pre-dated the Christian era.

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India-Mauritius Relations

India’s interaction with Mauritania has been friendly. No bilateral high level bilateral visits at President or Prime Minister’s level have taken place so far.

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India-Netherlands Relations

Recorded bilateral contacts between India and the Netherlands go back several centuries, and include the first voyage to the Indian Ocean by Cornelius Houtman in 1595-96 as well as by two other Dutch…

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India-Norway Relations

Diplomatic relations between India and Norway were established in Norwegian Foreign Minister Halvard Lange telegraphed message on 21st February, 1947 to India’s special envoy, Mr.

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India-Portugal Relations

Indo-Portuguese bilateral relations rest on an even keel, remain close and friendly and are free of any irritants. Diplomatic relations between India and Portugal were first established in 1949.

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India-Russia Relations

India-Russian relations pursued a steady, all-round and strategic course during the year covering the gamut of political, defense, security and economic fields.

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India-Saudi Arabia Relations

Indo-Saudi Relations: Indo-Saudi relations are multifaceted and cordial. The 1950s and early 6Os saw the visits of King Saud (1955) and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (1956).

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India-South Africa Relations

India has been in the forefront of the international community in supporting the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa ever since Mahatma Gandhi started his Satyagraha movement in this country a…

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India-Śrī Lanka Relations

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, or Sri Lanka Prajathanthrika Samajavadi Janarajaya, is an island in the Indian Ocean about 80 km east of the southern tip of India, separated by the Palk…

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India-Sudan Relations

An Indian Liaison Office was set up in Khartoum in April 1955, several months before Sudan’s independence on 01 January 1956.

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India-Sweden Relations

Events/facts of particular historical and cultural significance in relations and exchange of visits • June 1957- Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru’s visit to Sweden • 1959 - Swedish Prime Minister Mr.

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India-Syria Relations

1. Events/facts of historical and cultural significance in Indo-Syrian relations: India and Syria have enjoyed ancient civilizational ties.

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India-Thailand Relations

Cultural ties between India and Thailand date back to several centuries. References are found in ancient Indian literature about Thailand as Svarnabhumi or the Golden Land.

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India-The Philippines Relations

After the independence of the Philippines in 1946 and that of India in 1947, the two countries established formal diplomatic relations on November 26, 1949.

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India-UK Relations

Facts of particular historical and cultural significance in relations between India and UK, including date of establishment of diplomatic relations: India gained Independence from the UK on 15th…

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India-USA Relations

India-U.S.A. relations are undergoing a qualitative transformation. Cooperation and consultations have broadened and diversified considerably.

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India-Uzbekistan Relations

The relations between India and Uzbekistan are based on shared historical and cultural ties. Over the years there has been a steady exchange of high level visits between the two countries.

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India-Yemen Relations

Indo-Yemeni relations date back to ancient times. The historical ties between India and Yemen are confirmed by the fact that even today there are about one hundred thousand persons of Yemeni origin…

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Indian National Congress

In 1884, at the annual convention of the Theosophical Society at Adyar in Madras, Mr. Allan Octavian Hume laid bare to his friends his plan to organize the Congress.

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Indian Railways

Indian Railways, which made its beginning with a train from Mumbai to Thane in 1853, is the largest transportation in the world run under a single management as well as the world's single…

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Indira Gandhi

Gandhi, Indira Priyadarshini (1917 - 1984) : Daughter of former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. She Joined Congress Party in 1938.

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Indus River Water Treaty

Signed in 1960, the Indus River Water Treaty is an agreement between India and Pakistan to resolve disputes over water distribution from the Indus River system.

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Infosys Ltd

Infosys Technologies Ltd. (NASDAQ: INFY) provides consulting and IT services to clients globally - as partners to conceptualize and realize technology driven business transformation initiatives.

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Intellectual Property Rights

Patents for inventions, designs for industrial designs and trademarks for marketing products are collectively known as Industrial Property.

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Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan

The unsatisfactory military intelligence (MI) performance, of Pakistan's Intelligence Bureau (IB), in the first Indo-Pak war of 1947-48 over Jammu & Kashmir (J & K) led to the decision…

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Islam in India

The Muslims, as the followers of Islam are known, form the second largest religious community in India accounting for over 11 percent of her total population.

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J Jayalalithaa

Selvi JJayalalithaa enrolled herself a s a member of the AIADMK on June 4, 1982 at the behest of Dr MGR Her firm entry into politics was in the same year.

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Janata Dal

V.P. Singh's defection from the Congress (I) in 1987 enabled opposition factions from the Janata Party and Bharatiya Lok Dal to unite the Janata Dal in 1988.

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Nehru, Jawaharlal (1889-1964): First Prime Minister for free India, 1947-1964. Pronounced the doctrine of Panchsheel, which advocated peaceful coexistence, non-alignment and non-interference in…

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Jharkhand

Jharkhand, a state in eastern India, is a treasure trove of unique cultural heritage, stunning natural landscapes, and vibrant tribal communities.

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Judiciary

The Judiciary in India is independent of the Government. The independence is real, not only on paper.

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Jute Industry

Jute, the 'Golden Fiber' as it is called, is a plant that yields a fiber used for sacking and cordage.

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Kabir

Kabir was the greatest among various disciples of Ramanand. He was the first religious teacher of prominence to foster a spirit of unity among the Hindus and Muslims.

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Karnataka

Karnataka, nestled in the southwestern region of India, is a land of thriving cultural heritage, captivating history, and diverse landscapes.

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Kerala

Located on the southwestern coast of India, Keraḷa (Kay-ra-ḷa) has breathtaking landscapes, a rich cultural heritage, and a high level of social indicators.

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Labour Issues

The Ministry of Labor and Employment is one of the oldest and important Ministries of the Government of India.

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Lalu Prasad Yadav

Lalu Prasad Yadav is a veteran politician, who started his political career with humble beginnings and rose to become a prominent politician of India. He is a former Chief Minister of Bihar.

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Language & Politics

India is believed to have 1652 mother tongues. There are thirty-three languages that are each spoken by at least 100,000 people. The officially recognized languages are 22.

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Laskar-e-Toiba

The Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT), one of the largest terrorist outfits operating in Jammu and Kashmir is also suspected of involvement in the December 13, 2001 attack on India’s Parliament in New Delhi.

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Life Insurance Corporation

Life insurance made its debut in India well over 100 years ago. Its salient features are not as widely understood in our country as they ought to be.

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Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh, second biggest state in the country, is bounded by, Rajasthan and Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.

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Maharashtra

Maharashtra is the third largest state of India in area and second largest in population.

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Maldives

Republic of the Maldives, or Divedhi Raajjeyge Jumburiya, lying about 675 km south-west of Sri Lanka, consists of more than 1200 small coral islands (199 inhabited), grouped in 19 atolls, in the…

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Manipur

Manipur had been a Union Territory from 1956 and a full-fledged state from 1972. Manipuri was recognized as a national language in 1992.

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Meghalaya

Meghalaya exclusive tribal State of the Khasis, the Jaintias and the Garos is a mountain region. Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya, is situated in the center of a high plateau.

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Mizoram

Mizoram occupies the north east corner of India. It is bounded on the north by the District of Cachar (Assam) and the State of Manipur, on the east and south by Chin Hills and Arakan (Myanmar), on…

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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Gandhi became one of the pivotal figures in India's history in the Twentieth Century. Gandhi shaped India's history up to its independence in 1947.

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Myanmar

Union of Myanmar, (formerly Burma) or Pyeidaungzu Myanmar Niangangandaw, is located in East Asia, with a coastline along the Bay of Bengal.

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Nagaland

Nagaland is a State of narrow strip of mountainous territory between the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam and Myanmar. On the east it shares India’s international boundary with Burma.

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Narmada Dam

The Narmada valley project was mired in controversy and dispute right from its inception.

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National Conference Party (NCP)

The National Conference, based in Jammu and Kashmir, is a regional party, which, despite its overwhelmingly Muslim following, refused to support the All-India Muslim League (Muslim League--see…

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National Democratic Alliance (NDA)

NDA was first formed in 1998 and came to power in 1999, under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It again sought the mandate in 2004.

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Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)

The Nationalist Congress Party, is a splinter group of Indian National Congress, that took birth after some of the leaders parted ways with the parent party on the issue of 'foreign origin'…

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Natural Disaster

It is a well known fact that natural disasters strikes countries, both developed and developing, causing enormous destruction and creating human sufferings and producing negative impacts on national…

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Naxalism in India

Naxalite affected areas are Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

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Nepal

Kingdom of Nepal, or Nepal Adhirajya, is a landlocked country in the Himalayan mountain range. It is bounded on the north by Tibet (China) and India on all other sides.

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New Delhi

Delhi, capital of India, forms an enclave inside the eastern frontier of Haryana in North India. Extreme dryness with an intensely hot summer and cold winter is the characteristics of the climate.

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Non-Resident Indians (NRIs)

The Government of India defines Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) separately under the Foreign Exchange of India Act (FERA) and the Income Tax (IT) Act.

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Nuclear

India remains a firm and consistent proponent of general and complete disarmament and attaches the highest priority to global nuclear disarmament.

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Orissa

Orissa lies on the east coast of India. It is surrounded by West Bengal on the north-east, Bihar on the north, Andhra Pradesh on the south-east, Madhya Pradesh on the west and Bay of Bengal on the…

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Panchayati Raj

Panchayat Raj is an ancient institution as antique as India. In fact, it has been the backbone of Indian villages since the beginning of recorded history.

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Pollution

India's ongoing population explosion has placed great strain on the country's environment.

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Pondicherry

Pondicherry the Union Territory of India, encompasses an area of only 492 sq km with Pondicherry town and its villages covering 293 sq km surrounded by the South Arcot District, Karaikal town and its…

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Power Management

India is perennially short of electric power. The generating capacity in 1997 was 76,700 MW which, it was estimated, would have to be doubled in the next 10-15 years, requiring an addition of some…

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Punjab

Punjab is bounded on the west by Pakistan, on the north by Jammu and Kashmir, on the north east by Himachal Pradesh and on the south by Haryana and Rajasthan.

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Rajasthan

Rajasthan is one of the border states of India, sharing India’s frontier with Pakistan on the west and northwest.

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Ramakrishna Paramahamsa

Ramakrishna Parmahamsa is perhaps the best known saint of nineteenth century India. He was born in a poor Brahman family in 1836, in a small town near Calcutta, West Bengal.

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Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)

The Rastriya Swayamsevak Sangh -- RSS or the National Association of Self-helpers, is a very large, voluntary organization focusing on development of the society based on Hindutwa -- the essence of…

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Reliance Group

The Reliance Group, founded by Dhirubhai H. Ambani (1932-2002), is India's largest business house with total revenues of over US$ 22.6 billion.

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Reserve Bank of India

The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1, 1935 in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

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Samajwadi Party

The Samajwadi Party was born on October 4, 1992, in the historic Begum Hazrat Mahal Park in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Party workers elected Mulayam Singh president.

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Secularism

India is still a traditional society that contains not one, but many traditions owing their origin in part to the different religions that exist here.

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Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI)

The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was established on April 12, 1988 through an administrative order, but it became a statutory and really powerful organization only in 1992.

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Shiv Sena

Shiv Sena (meaning Army of Shiva, referring to Shivaji) is a political party in India founded on June 19, 1966 by Bal Thackeray who was the president of the party for a long time.

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Siachen Glacier

The 78 km long Siachin glacier is hemmed in between the Saltoro ridge line to the west and the main Karakoram range to the east.

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Sikhism

The Sikhs are a sturdy martial race known for their valor and broadmindedness. They constitute a little less than 2% of India's population.

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Sikkim

ikkim, the 22nd state of the Indian union, is a small mountain state in the eastern Himalayas.

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Simla Agreement

The Simla Agreement signed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan on 2nd July 1972 was much more than a peace treaty seeking to reverse the consequences of the…

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Space Technology

With the development of space technology in 50 year since independence, India has an impressive array of technological achievements to showcase.

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Sustainable Development

India has made substantial progress in most spheres of development over the last fifty five years particularly last two decades.

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Tamil Nadu

Located in the Southern part of India, Tamizh Nāḍu (spelt incorrectly as Tamil Nadu) is ranked eleventh in landmass and sixth in population.

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TATA Group

Tata Group is one of India's largest and most respected business conglomerates, with revenues of $14.25 billion, the equivalent of about 2.6 per cent of the country's GDP.

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Telecommunication

The telecom sector that was growing in the range of 22-25% till 2002-03, has shifted to a higher growth path in the range of 35-40%.

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Telugu Desam Party (TDP)

After a long and successful reign as the Telugu film industry's most popular actor Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao -- or simply NTR -- was keen to do something for the people.

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Terrorism from Pak

In the wake of the attacks of 9-11 came the recognition that states that sheltered and sustained numerous groups that utilized terror were themselves terrorist states.

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Terrorism in Kashmir

The emergence of Islamic fundamentalism all over the world, this theo-fascist brand of political philosophy accompanied by hatred, intolerance, and terrorism was pushed into and peddled in the…

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The Kargil War

The terrain of the Kargil and surrounding regions of the LOC is Inhospitable in the best of times.

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Tibet

Historically, Tibet has been the bridge between the two ancient civilizations in India and China.

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Tourism in India

Tourism is one of the largest service industries promising vast employment opportunities and bringing in substantial foreign exchange to the country.

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Transportation in India

Indian railways, which made its beginning with a train from Mumbai to Thane in 1853, a stretch of 34 kilometers, is one of the world's largest transportation system today.

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Trinamool Congress

With the Left Front in power since 1977, for a section of the people in West Bengal the Trinamul Congress was the only party that looked like being capable of bringing about a change in government.

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Tripura

Tripura is surrounded by Bangladesh on all sides, except for a narrow neck in the northeast, where it borders on Assam and Mizoram. Handloom weaving the single largest industry.

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Unit Trust of India (UTI)

"Unit Trust of India" means the Unit Trust of India established under the Unit Trust of India Act, 1963.

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United Progressive Alliance (UPA)

In the 14th Lok Sabha elections the people of India have voted decisively for secular, progressive forces, for parties wedded to the welfare of farmers, agricultural labor, weavers, workers and…

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Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India. It covers about 7 per cent of the total area of India. In area, it ranks fourth.

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Uttarakhand

The newly formed state of Uttaranchal is bounded by UP on the south, Nepal on the east, Himachal Pradesh on the west and China on the north east.

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Veerappan

Veerappan, India's most notorious fugitive has consistently foiled efforts to capture him, but his life on the run was finally ended in a hail of bullets in the jungle he haunted for decades.

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Vishwa Hindu Parishad

The Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP; "World Hindu Council" in Hindi), is a Hindu nationalist organization in India, an offshoot of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.

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Water Management

Earth is the only planet of the solar system that is supporting life for ages because of the presence of water. Fresh water is a precious resource.

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West Bengal

West Bengal covers the bottleneck of India in the east stretching from the Himalayas in the north to the Bay of Bengal in the south.

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Wildlife

The Wildlife National parks in India spread across the country offer a fascinating diversity of terrain, flora and fauna.

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Wipro Technologies

Wipro was set up in the backdrop of the small town of Amalner in Maharashtra in 1945. Primarily an oil factory, the chief products were Sunflower Vanaspati and 787 laundry soap.

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World Trade Organisation (WTO)

The World Trade Organization (WTO) came into being on January 1, 1995, when the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) formally transformed itself into this organization as a major entity…

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